It sometimes comes up that the usual trick of reading in a stream with a pipe and a while loop doesn't work, since the pipe causes a subshell and any variables set in the subshell are unavailable to the parent.
For example the normal trick (output the first few lines of the /etc/services file, just the first two columns and not empty or comment lines):
[uphill@zagreb]: grep -v ^# /etc/services | grep -v ^$ | head | awk '{print $1" "$2;}' tcpmux 1/tcp tcpmux 1/udp rje 5/tcp rje 5/udp echo 7/tcp echo 7/udp discard 9/tcp discard 9/udp systat 11/tcp systat 11/udp [uphill@zagreb]: grep -v ^# /etc/services | grep -v ^$ | head | awk '{print $1" "$2;}' | while read x y; do echo x=$x y=$y; done x=tcpmux y=1/tcp x=tcpmux y=1/udp x=rje y=5/tcp x=rje y=5/udp x=echo y=7/tcp x=echo y=7/udp x=discard y=9/tcp x=discard y=9/udp x=systat y=11/tcp x=systat y=11/udp [uphill@zagreb]: echo $x [uphill@zagreb]: echo $y [uphill@zagreb]: i=0; grep -v ^# /etc/services | grep -v ^$ | head | awk '{print $1" "$2;}' | while read x y > do > names[$i]=$x > ports[$i]=$y > i=$((i+1)) >done [uphill@zagreb]: echo ${ports[1]}
This leaves the parent shell without any information.
But if you feed a function the output, you can retain the information.
[uphill@zagreb]: function parse { > i=0 > while [ $# -gt 0 ] > do > names[$i]=$1 > ports[$i]=$2 > i=$((i+1)) > shift; shift; > done; } [uphill@zagreb]: parse `grep -v ^# /etc/services | grep -v ^$ | head | awk '{print $1" "$2;}'` uphill@zagreb[1063]: echo ${ports[0]} 1/tcp uphill@zagreb[1064]: echo ${names[1]} ${ports[1]} tcpmux 1/udp
This way you have access to the variables you set and can put the data collection part of this task into the subshell.
If you have lines with 3,4 or more input variables, just reference them as $3 $4 etc but remember to use the same number of shifts to move the pointer along the input the correct number of slots.
If you have input that has spaces in it within elements, that is, you have tabs for separation and spaces within (like say mysql output).
You can pipe to sed first to replace and then send your input to sed again to undo the damage
[uphill@surrey]: function parse { i=0 while [ $# -gt 0 ] do usernames[$i]=$1 name=`echo $5|sed -e 's/xXx/ /g'` names[$i]=$name i=$((i+1)) shift; shift; shift; shift; shift; shift; shift done; } [uphill@surrey]: parse `cat /etc/passwd |tr ':' '\t' |tail -5 |sed -e 's/ /xXx/g'` [uphill@surrey]: echo ${usernames[3]} " -> " ${names[3]} canna -> Canna Service User
We inline sed to change the spaces to xXx, then we do the same to change back before assignment to the names array. This trick works fairly well, but depends on your input having tabs or some other character than spaces to deliminate initially.
